Free Essays on Capital Moves

Christianity and Justice free essay sample

Christianity underscores equity, while others stress sympathy; this announcement is essential in the conviction of Christians. Equity intends to have moral rightness that depends on morals, common laws, characteristic laws and religion. One of the Ten Commandments states, Love thy neighbor as thy self. This Statement was rehashed multiple times in the Bible, once in the Old Testament and multiple times in the New Testament. It is very obvious to me that our ability to have this sort of affection must be first in the brain of God, this likewise shows all people ought to be dealt with similarly and as you might want others to treat you. Equity likened to correspondence. The Christian book of scriptures has numerous models from both the old and New Testament that gives instances of Jesus needing every one of his devotees to treat each other in an equitable manner. E. g. at the point when he ran over a woman who had been trapped in the demonstration of infidelity and the groups needed to batter her to the point of death and Jesus advised them that they were all liable of wrongdoing and they he who had not trespassed should cast the principal stone. We will compose a custom exposition test on Christianity and Justice or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jesus all through the numerous experiences with devotees and non-adherents has spread the message of equity and harmony. In Isaiah 56:1 this is the thing that the Lord says â€Å"Maintain equity and make the right decision, ? for my salvation is close within reach and my exemplary nature will before long be uncovered. This passes on Christianity as a religion, depends on the conviction that all individuals ought to be dealt with similarly and the individuals who issue ought to be excused. It is a religion dependent on pardoning and in this way a religion, which spots an incentive on equity. Model from the New Testament is Luke 16 The Rich Man and the Beggar, the is about a rich man who was avaricious and didn't share his riches nor inclined to the direction that was offered to him while on earth and the hobo who carried on with a poor however great life and shared what little he had with others. On death the two men were decided by God and the rich man inquired as to whether he could come back to caution his troubles so they could alter their way of life and God addressed that all individuals are dealt with similarly and all have similar chances to follow his model and that he would not be given unique advantaged on the grounds that he was rich on earth. A case of a comparative situation is the statement â€Å"Blessed Are the Poor in Spirit† found in Matthew 5:1-13 Throughout the ages the confidence of Christianity keeps on showing that its supporters decide to carry on with a real existence dependent on equity that originates from equity. The congregation doesn't esteem its individuals by their individual riches or social standing and numerous not revenue driven associations are Christian based. These were started to give individuals Christian or in any case a reasonable go and a chance to take an interest on an equivalent remaining in our locale. Families who exploit this help do as such in the midst of hardship. Associations, for example, Centacare Catholic people group administrations or Anglicare Anglican based are there to support the network, all in all paying little mind to strict accepts. Their support of the network is to guarantee a degree of fairness for all. Jesus’ lessons were tied in with taking care of each other, being equivalent and not judging or oppressing somebody. Martin Luther was resolved to concentrate on Jesus’ lessons, as the â€Å"somewhat corrupt† rehearses performed by the Vatican turned out to be Particularly upsetting to him, as it was against the idea of awesome equity, which Jesus had once appeared. Martin Luther needed the disciples of Christianity to have the option to get to the lessons of Jesus Christ without the Vatican selling guilty pleasures, which was fundamentally the purchasing of pardoning of sins rather than contrition and additionally retribution. Taking everything into account, I accept the statement Christianity stresses Justice, while others underline sympathy is still practically speaking in today’s society as it was in the times of Jesus.

4 Productivity Hacks for Using Dropbox and MeisterTask Together - Focus

4 Productivity Hacks for Using Dropbox and MeisterTask Together - Focus If you’re a MeisterTask user with a Dropbox account, this post is written especially for you. Here are four ways that you can connect and use these two tools together that will make task management and file sharing more streamlined and efficient! 1. Easy Attachments via The MeisterTask Attachment Picker Attach files to any MeisterTask task directly from Dropbox using the attachment picker (the little pop-up box that appears when you click on Add Attachment within a MeisterTask task). Simply select Dropbox from the available destination options, log in to your Dropbox account, choose the file you’d like to add and Bob’s your uncle! Your file will be available as an attachment in your task for other members of your team to download, view, interact with and more. This applies to videos, images, and documents. Working with an external marketing agency who just sent you a Dropbox link to the latest ad visuals? Add the visuals to your MeisterTask task and mention your team, everyone is able to comment on which one looks best! 2. Automatically Add Files to Your MeisterTask Task You can add attachments or files automatically to your MeisterTask task with the help of Zapier. Create a free Zapier account that’ll allow you to easily integrate your Dropbox and MeisterTask accounts so that you can start making Zaps. Then create a Zap that will be triggered every time a new file is added to your chosen Dropbox folder. The file can then be uploaded (again automatically) to any task of your choice! Say you’re in charge of updating your company’s organogram and have been tasked to obtain new photos of all employees. All images can be saved to the relevant Dropbox folder, and this trigger will send them all to one task, taking the manual work out of the process. That task can then be reassigned to your graphics department.   Choose the Zap that allows you to automatically add new Dropbox files to a task on MeisterTask.   Not sure what we mean by Zapier and Zaps? Check out this blog post explaining everything you need to know. 3. Link To Dropbox Documents In Task Description Need everyone to have quick access to a document you’re working on? You can paste the Dropbox link to it straight into your MeisterTask task’s description. Instantly, everyone watching that task will have access to your document (provided that you’ve given them the adequate Dropbox permissions). No need for sending out a separate mail â€" all relevant information and data can be stored in one central place. This also means that everyone working on your document will have access to the most recent, updated version.   4. Automatically Create a New Task Every Time a New File is Added to Dropbox Again, using Zapier! Work in HR and posted a job lately? You can easily manage your incoming CVs and related tasks using MeisterTask and Zapier.   Human Resource employees know the feeling of waking up to a very full inbox, especially after a job has been advertised. Hundreds of emails from very eager candidates, every person waiting for a response. That usually means sorting through many applications in order to determine who’d need to be sent declines and who’d be the best candidates to invite for an interview. When you have twenty or even fifty email applications to go through that’s not a big problem, but anything more runs the risk of an ideal candidate being overlooked. Using MeisterTask to manage the hiring process will make sure that you know at a glance which applications you’ve received, which of them have been answered, and which ones still need your attention. Create a Zap that will automatically turn your CV applications into tasks. Take it a step further and use another Zap that will automatically save emails from potential candidates CVs to Dropbox. 4 Productivity Hacks for Using Dropbox and MeisterTask Together - Focus If you’re a MeisterTask user with a Dropbox account, this post is written especially for you. Here are four ways that you can connect and use these two tools together that will make task management and file sharing more streamlined and efficient! 1. Easy Attachments via The MeisterTask Attachment Picker Attach files to any MeisterTask task directly from Dropbox using the attachment picker (the little pop-up box that appears when you click on Add Attachment within a MeisterTask task). Simply select Dropbox from the available destination options, log in to your Dropbox account, choose the file you’d like to add and Bob’s your uncle! Your file will be available as an attachment in your task for other members of your team to download, view, interact with and more. This applies to videos, images, and documents. Working with an external marketing agency who just sent you a Dropbox link to the latest ad visuals? Add the visuals to your MeisterTask task and mention your team, everyone is able to comment on which one looks best! 2. Automatically Add Files to Your MeisterTask Task You can add attachments or files automatically to your MeisterTask task with the help of Zapier. Create a free Zapier account that’ll allow you to easily integrate your Dropbox and MeisterTask accounts so that you can start making Zaps. Then create a Zap that will be triggered every time a new file is added to your chosen Dropbox folder. The file can then be uploaded (again automatically) to any task of your choice! Say you’re in charge of updating your company’s organogram and have been tasked to obtain new photos of all employees. All images can be saved to the relevant Dropbox folder, and this trigger will send them all to one task, taking the manual work out of the process. That task can then be reassigned to your graphics department.   Choose the Zap that allows you to automatically add new Dropbox files to a task on MeisterTask.   Not sure what we mean by Zapier and Zaps? Check out this blog post explaining everything you need to know. 3. Link To Dropbox Documents In Task Description Need everyone to have quick access to a document you’re working on? You can paste the Dropbox link to it straight into your MeisterTask task’s description. Instantly, everyone watching that task will have access to your document (provided that you’ve given them the adequate Dropbox permissions). No need for sending out a separate mail â€" all relevant information and data can be stored in one central place. This also means that everyone working on your document will have access to the most recent, updated version.   4. Automatically Create a New Task Every Time a New File is Added to Dropbox Again, using Zapier! Work in HR and posted a job lately? You can easily manage your incoming CVs and related tasks using MeisterTask and Zapier.   Human Resource employees know the feeling of waking up to a very full inbox, especially after a job has been advertised. Hundreds of emails from very eager candidates, every person waiting for a response. That usually means sorting through many applications in order to determine who’d need to be sent declines and who’d be the best candidates to invite for an interview. When you have twenty or even fifty email applications to go through that’s not a big problem, but anything more runs the risk of an ideal candidate being overlooked. Using MeisterTask to manage the hiring process will make sure that you know at a glance which applications you’ve received, which of them have been answered, and which ones still need your attention. Create a Zap that will automatically turn your CV applications into tasks. Take it a step further and use another Zap that will automatically save emails from potential candidates CVs to Dropbox.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Big Event During The Cold War

The Cuban missile crisis was a big event during the â€Å"Cold War† that almost brought the world into a nuclear catastrophe. In this event the Soviet Union deployed around 100 tactical nuclear weapons to Cuba aiming to land in U.S. territory. The possibilities of a nuclear war was predicted by the president of the United States John F. Kennedy to be around a 33% chances of actually happening. The local Soviet commander in Cuba could have launched these weapons that were sent without additional codes or commands from Moscow. There was also a scheduled U.S. air strike that could have triggered a nuclear response against American ships and troops. If the Cuban missile crisis were fulfilled, over 200 million people around the world could have died in the resulting war. It was because of the American foreign policy that the crisis was diverted and resolved without war. During the Cold War, the United States was concerned about an expansion of Communism. On December 19, 1960, after seizing power in the Caribbean island nation of Cuba, leftist revolutionary leader Fidel Castro aligned himself with the Soviet Union. Under Castro, Cuba grew dependent on the Soviets for military and economic aid. A Latin American country allying openly with the USSR was regarded as unacceptable, given the US-Soviet enmity since the end of World War II. The Soviets were feeling uncomfortable with the amount of nuclear weapons that the U.S. had targeted at them in Western Europe and Turkey. As a resultShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the underlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. This was dramatically increased by the second key c ause, a series of events that quickly built tensions between the super powers from 1959 such as the U2 incident, JFK’s response to the Berlin Wall, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The third cause was the relationshipRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day political and military deadlock in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union. It appeared that the Soviet Union was installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, and it was the closest the United States has ever came to a nuclear war. Using the movie, 13 Days, the Cuban Missile Crisis is explained and compared to the actual event. The crisis was led to by the Cold War. The Cold War was a period between 1947 and 1991 of geopolitical tension between the corruptedRead MoreNuclear Warfare Between The Soviet Union And The Cold War1826 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The most terrifying moment in my life was October 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis†¦.† The Cuban Missile Crisis was started by the tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, which shaped Communist Cuba; this was the brink of nuclear warfare between both sides that left its effects on both the world and the sides involved. The United States and Soviet Union were both involved in the Cold War, especially when tensions between the two reached a new high. As tensions were risingRead MoreVasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov ( Arkhipov )1407 Words   |  6 PagesAlexandrovich Arkhipov (Arkhipov) Vasili Alexandrovich was born in a peasant family on January 30 1926 in Olovo, Moscow Oblast Russian Soviet union where he went to caspian higher naval school. Notes: Born January 30, 1926. In Olovo, Moscow Oblast, Russian. He was in the Family of the Moscow for a very long time . He was educated in the higher education School that wasnt for a normal average person . He later participated in the Soviet- Japanese War in in the Russian navy August of 1945, serving aboardRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : A 13 Day Standoff1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day standoff in Cuba during the Cold War that struck fear into many American people. Joseph Roblat said, â€Å"The most terrifying moment in my life was October 1962, during the cuban missile crisis. I did not know all the facts - we have learned only recently how close we were to war - but I knew enough to make me tremble†. Missiles were in Cuba, in range of the U.S.. The world has never come so close to being in a full out Nuclear War. If the Soviets launched one ofRead MoreWar Is A Very Traffic And Devastating Event That Not Only1637 Words   |  7 PagesWar is a very traffic and devastating event that not only affects those directly involved with the fight but also the r est of the population sitting and waiting back in their homes. The idea of war such as the Cold War being associated with Dr.Suess s, The Butter Battle Book, should not be the focus of a children s book. People like Joseph Stalin and events such as the creation of missiles and bombs and the cuban missile crisis played a significant role in the Cold War. Joseph Stalin was a powerfulRead MoreRethinking Cold War History, By John Lewis Gaddis1340 Words   |  6 PagesGaddis, John L. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press1997. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History, is a book about the Cold War. This book was written by John Lewis Gaddis. John L. Gaddis is a Cold War historian. He portrays the Cold War in English and through the dialect of others. The thesis of this book is, I seek to situate this book at a particular point in time, not to claim timelessness for it. This is what I think we know now but did not knowRead MoreEvents Leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis1579 Words   |  6 PagesCuba, a country just south of the United States of America, was the center stage of events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Actions attempted by Presidents John F. Kennedy and Dwight D. Eisenhower prior to the crisis gave incentive to the Soviet Union and Cuba to agree to place missile installations in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was an incident that might have potentially led to a third world war because of the already heightened tensions between Cuba and the U.S. - but this time withRead MoreThe Assassinat ion Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreHow Did The Bay Of Pigs Invasion And The Cuban Missile Crisis Affect The Cold War3334 Words   |  14 PagesThe Cold War began in 1947 and was, obviously, a war fought between the Western and Eastern Blocs. The Western Bloc consisted of the United States and the allies in the National Atlantic Treaty Organization (which was formed 2 years after the war had started). The Eastern Bloc consisted of the Soviet Union (now Russia) and other communist countries like Cuba. The reason the Cold War got its name as a war that cold is because there were no large battles ever fought, it was a war of technological advances

The Population Growth Rate in India - 1566 Words

The Population Growth Rate in India For many years concern has been voiced over the seemingly unchecked rate of population growth in India, but the most recent indications are that some success is being achieved in slowing the rate of population growth. The progress which has been achieved to date is still only of a modest nature and should not serve as premature cause for complacency. Moreover, a slowing of the rate of population growth is not incompatible with a dangerous population increase in a country like India which has so huge a population base to begin with. Nevertheless, the most recent signs do offer some occasion for adopting a certain degree of cautious optimism in regard to the problem. One important factor which is†¦show more content†¦Taking note of the fact that in traditional Indian society gynecology, obstetrics and other fields requiring intimate contact and conversation with women are invariably reserved to female doctors only, Chandrasekhar observes that the real problem is the lack of sufficient numbers of dedicated women physicians who are willing to work in rural areas and spend some time in pre-insertion and post-insertion follow-up of their patients. The third major mode of contraception-condom use has seen a marked increase in usage in India in recent years; however, much of this increase has been due less to family planning concerns but to fear of AIDS on the part of sexually-active persons, such as prostitutes and their clients, who could be expected to take precautions against pregnancy anyway. As for the pill, it still has not proven a major contraceptive mode among the uneducated masses who are most inclined to have large families. In addition to long-recognized family planning modes, other factors have been operating to limit the rate of population growth in recent years. Unfortunately, infanticide of girl babies has become increasinglyShow MoreRelated The Population Growth Rate In India Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages The Population Growth Rate in India nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For many years concern has been voiced over the seemingly unchecked rate of population growth in India, but the most recent indications are that some success is being achieved in slowing the rate of population growth. The progress which has been achieved to date is still only of a modest nature and should not serve as premature cause for complacency. Moreover, a slowing of the rate of population growth is not incompatible with aRead MoreIndia And China s Economic Growth1085 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract India and China, two populous countries (nearly one-third of the world’s population) in the world, have innumerable similarities in many aspects. Both of them sit on the Asian continent and achieve rapid economic growth in the past three decades. As current success stories of globalization, this rapid growth also influences the economic structure of the world which leads more concentration on the analysis of these two countries. Two Not Similar economies Different economies may have commonRead MoreDemographic Analysis Of China And India Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesDemographic Analysis of China and India Malvika Walia* Assistant professor GGDSD College, Chandigarh +91-98555-78840, malvika.w@gmail.com Abstract Population size and growth has been a subject matter of research oriented people and economists from the time immemorial. It is so because the absorption of resources of a country and people living in the country are closely correlated according to the Malthus theory of Population. Therefore, an attempt has been endeavoured to find initially the demographicRead MoreEconomics Assessment : Poverty And Inequity Case Study1342 Words   |  6 Pagesnational income/population.So the 1st and foremost reason is over population. The national income of India is progressing at a slow rate.This is because of 1.Defect in planning 2.Non development of industrial sector. 3.Lack of technological progress. The per capita income of India is lower than the percapita income of some developed countries.To find out the reason we may have to go back to the early fifties.After Independence, India adopted socialistic policies which proved wrong for the countryRead MoreEffects Of Population Growth Of India947 Words   |  4 Pagespoint in its life? Population growth happens to all of us, but how much is too much? India is in this questionable stage right now. How many people is too much for this country to handle? Every country goes through 4 stages of population and they go through growth, stability and decline. India is in a growing state right now and this will continue until it stabilizes itself. One might look at the povern state India is in right now and see that it is the cause if its population problem but othersRead MoreHow Are The Population Policies Different Between India And China? Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesHow are the population policies different between India and China? Guifang Tang Introduction China and India are the two countries which have the largest population in the world. These two countries have many similarities, especially they have fabulous growing speed during the globalization. In the global economic market, China has the biggest manufacture market and cheap labor (Justin Paul Erick Mas.2016). India gained independence from the United Kingdom from 1947 and started to focusRead MoreOverpopulation in India1001 Words   |  5 PagesPopulation Explosion in India The Factors and Effects of Population Explosion in India, and Steps to Control Population There are many factors contributing in the population explosion in India, and the increased population has led to many others consequences. Anyhow, steps are taken by the government of India to control this predicament. First and foremost, the high birth rate in India is the main root of the overpopulation. The high fertility rate is due to the impecunious of the country.Read MoreOverpopulation and Over- Consumption in India Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesCurrently, the population of India is at a formidable amount of 1.27 billion and estimated to have 1.6 billion people by 2050. What will happen if countries like India keep growing? This issue is known as overpopulation. Overpopulation has become a very prevalent topic in the last ten years and if not controlled, it could affect all countries on earth. Although overpopulation appears to be an insuppressible issue, there are some different ideas and methods that have been used to help this problemRead MoreRapid Population Growth : A Country With The Largest Human Population1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmore rapid population growth rates in mid-transition than historically observed in the North. Two factors account for this very rapid expansion of popu lation in these still largely traditional societies: the spread of medical technology such as immunization and antibiotics after World War II, which led to vastly rapid declines in death rates, and a lag in declines in birth rates. Nigeria is a country with the largest human population in Africa. Some of the results of human populations are; depletionRead MoreHuman Geography : Study Of Spatial Pattern And Spatial Organization Of Human Activities1103 Words   |  5 Pagesthe characteristics of human populations. Demographics allow geographers and government agencies to look at population data from the past and the present to predict future trends in population growth or decline (Knox, 2013, p.2, 99-101). The information gathered through a census or vital records can for example help a nation adjust immigration levels if a country is having a very low birth rate or allocate more funding for health care if a high percentage of its population is over 65. Comparing the

Leoh Ming Pei Eero Saarinen Essay Example For Students

Leoh Ming Pei Eero Saarinen Essay The architects that I am comparing came from two different parts of the world and yet, in some ways the messages behind their work and the incorporation of engineering, geometrical and sculptural elements into their designs and their new identity as Americans brings them closer together. Leoh Ming Pei was born in Canton, China in 1917 and came to the United States for his further education. Because of his fathers influence on him, who always encouraged Pei in designing, he attended MIT and it was finally in Harvard that he got his architectural degree. Being brought up in a different culture also had an impact in his design for his approach towards it was different from most of his American classmates whose approaches towards design were mostly very traditional. At Harvard, Le Corbussiers Expressive Modernism influenced him in his use of simple geometric shapes and forms. Gropius also had a great deal of influence on Pei for he developed a reliance on abstract form and materials such as stone, concrete, glass and steel and later developed his own approach to design in which he exhibits interest in the Avant Garde. My next architect is 1910- 1961 who was born in Finland, a son of an architect father and a sculptor and architectural model-maker mother. His parents professions influenced him very much into being an architect and he enrolled in Cranbrok Institute of Architecture and also Yale University after his family moved to the United States. He also went to Europe for a year to study sculpture and over there, he was greatly influenced by the sculptors there of that time and this sculptural influence is seen in almost every one of his designs. Like Pei, he was also a first generation American and having being brought up in a different country also had a great impact on the way he looked at design and his concepts towards it. After he finished his architectural degree, he developed a theory of treating architecture as sculpture, an engineering monument and three-dimensional geometry. I have to say Peis Grand Louvre Pyramid In France and Saarinens TWA terminal in New York have both been figures of splendor, admiration, and equally controversy. Both structures have sculptural and engineering elements in them and both incorporate modern materials into their design. Even the concepts as to why they look the way they are just as intriguing. The pyramid, which is mostly glass and steel, was designed to emancipate the old baroque Louvre from the congestion it was facing and also to celebrate and to give air, space and light to the it whereas the TWA terminal, which is mostly molded sweepingly curved concrete was conceived to celebrate the gracious era of commercial flight. Both the pieces of work ignited controversy when they were first built because critics said the pyramid acted like a glass iceberg and competed with and shattered the beauty of the old museum. Critics also said that while Saarinens TWA terminals layout and equipment were technically advanced and carefully thought-out, its form was arbitrarily sculptural rather than structurally coherent. And like the pyramid, critics said, the terminal did not go well with the site, surrounding buildings and structures. Most of the works of these architects, critics may agree, can be interpreted as a fodder for controversy. Perhaps behind their distinctive designs, controversy was their intentions after all, many artists/ architects throughout the ages have shown that controversy is the greatest way to achieve recognition and to bring about change.

Sunwind Ab Case Essay Example

Sunwind Ab Case Paper 2) Draw the schematic flow diagram for Sunwind and all Volvo plants. (Draw at abstract level not detailed level). Provides detail of distances and demand (quantity based on 1987 forecast) flow. Ans) Demand of Sunwind is 1250/week = 1250*45 = 56250 units The following table gives us the demand of each plant yearly for the year 1985 Plant|   | Torslando | Kalmar| Ghent| Total| Year| 1985| 17050| 4525| 12090| 33665| | %| 50. 65%| 13. 44%| 35. 1%| 100%| Year| 1987| 32919. 947| 8736. 819| 23343. 23| 65000| Depending on the percentage of share of each plant of the total in 1985, the same percentage is used to calculate the demand of each plant in 1987, as we know the total production of Volvo from all the plants put together in 1987. 3) What are the challenges facing Sunwind? Do they need a change in strategy by Sunwind? Why? Ans The challenges faced by SUNWIND are as follows : The main problem is to meet the increase in the demand from Volvo which is around 650 per week in 1985 to 1200 per week in 1986 * There is also a problem of meeting the quality of the finished products supplied by them, some of the machines like gluing machine had proved particularly troublesome and has increased rejects. * Some other bothering issues would be the off-spec plywood blanks received from Finnish supplier. * The rejection of the batches by Volvo as they haven’t met the quality constraints imposed by them. The demand for the finished goods is around 1400 units/week while the ideal capacity of plant excluding wastages is only 1250 units/week; this mismatch is of a greatest concern for the Sunwind in the present scenario. * The trend of the major manufacturers like Toyota who are working on â€Å"Less† suppliers’ model to increase the efficiency is of a big threat as Volvo might even persuade it. * The system of JIT which is being implemented recently by the Volvo group, the Belgian manufacturer is turning out to be major competitor to Sunwood on this perspecti ve. The batch size if we see for different operations varies from 2500 to 500, such a huge amount of batch size might lead to having no control over the quality issues i. e. in case of any damage done its hard to find out and the who batch has to be set off which is of a huge loss for the plant. * This large batch size might also increases the MLT hence leads to a lot of inventory which has a lot of adverse effects. For the other part of the question whether they need to change the strategy of the Sunwind or not, yes they have to change indeed to so as to protect themselves from Volvo by meeting their demand needs. At the same time the technological aspects of Sunwind are at a ground level, they need to compete with the competitors and have to go for new machinery. Right now they are not following the JIT method while Volvo has gone for it, In that case to meet the Volvo demands it might have to put a huge pile of raw materials instead if it makes itself a JIT system it could save itself from one of the competitors. Their batch size as mentioned before is also very large, hence they need to change this strategy too. There is a quality issue also being faced hence they a need a new strategy which can address all these issues in a very efficient way. ) What are the benefits to implement JIT for Sunwind? How Volvo will get benefited if Sunwind goes for JIT production and delivery? Ans) The benefits to implement JIT for Sunwind are 1. The main advantage would be saving on inventory i. e. there is no need to spend a lot of money in storing the inventory for huge number of days until it is used inste ad JIT takes care of inventory only when needed hence there is no idle inventory. 2. The JIT system will take care of the batch size this will help increasing the frequency and also easy transportation and on time as the batch size is small 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunwind Ab Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sunwind Ab Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sunwind Ab Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In case of any defects the wastage would be in a small scale 4. The quality issue can be addressed, if we have the batch size to be small there is an every chance to make strict quality checks and reject the rest. 5. This helps in cutting the waste by cutting the excess capacity or inventory and removing the non value-added activities. 6. This will develop a close relationship with their suppliers, in a way they will get suppliers as a partner in the venture. 7. This will also encourage the suppliers to get themselves placed in and around the Sunwood plant so as to deliver the raw materials on time. 8. This system gets an in-plant representative who will be onsite in Sunwind on behalf of the suppliers whose main purpose is to plan and schedule the replenishment of the materials from the supplier hence even the forecasting is also taken care by him. 9. He also helps in designing ideas to help reducing cost and improve manufacturing processes and managing production schedules for suppliers, materials contractors and other subcontractors. 10. It also provides the best organizational structure needed to improve the supplier coordination by integrating the logistics, production and purchasing processes together. The advantages of the Volvo if Sunwind go for JIT is same as the ones enjoyed by Sunwind on behalf of their supplies * This will develop a close relationship with Sunwind. * This system gets an in-plant representative who will be onsite in Volvo on behalf of the Sunwind whose main purpose is to plan and schedule the replenishment of the materials from the supplier hence even the forecasting is also taken care by him. * He also helps in designing ideas to help reducing cost and improve manufacturing processes and managing production schedules for suppliers, materials contractors and other subcontractors. It also provides the best organizational structure needed to improve the supplier coordination by integrating the logistics, production and purchasing processes together. 6) How many varieties of products does the Sunwind manufacture for Volvo? How does this information help to design production and delivery? Ans) Sunwind was the only supplier for the floorlid for the 5-door 700 serie s station wagon. These were offered in several carpet/ colour combinations. The lid comprised of 4 separate items front panel, rear panel, left panel and the right panel. The carpeting could be any of four different colour choices – beige, blue, black and burgundy. The carpeting could be either needle felt or tufted. Thus 32 part numbers were needed to specify a particular part/ colour/ carpet combination 4 parts x 4 colours x 2 carpets = 32 This data of the variety of products being manufacture will give us an advantage of designing the production through JIT. One of the process considerations in lean systems â€Å"Uniform workstation loads â€Å" comes into the picture. This in turn would decrease the big lots there by decreasing the average inventory level. We can follow the production model of â€Å"heijunka† which is the levelling of production load by both volume and product mix. Using this what we can do is to form batches in a way so that each batch gives us 32 varieties of different materials instead of having the same variety in a batch. This would help workers to get acquaintance of all the products and also though there is any wastage in a batch the other batch can cover up for it, if a batch has all the products of same kind it would be a problem if there is any defect or quality issues. Thus this data of the variety of products gives us the division of batches in an efficient way which reduces the extra non value added costs. 8) Provides details of some critical characteristics of one of the Volvo operations (Customer interface point) between Volvo and Sunwind. How does may this information be helpful to get advance intimation to prepare the next JIT delivery? Ans) Sunwind’s interface with Volvo parts at the order placement. Every 4 weeks Volvo send an order form indication the requirement over a 60 week planning horizon. This was broken into seven 4 week periods and one 32 week period. The next interface was at the loading stage of the shipping process. Volvo mandated that it suppliers use Volvo’s wholly owned transport company, use standard containers and ship one part per container. Sunwind ordered transportation and empty containers as required. Post shipping, the next interface would be at the inspection upon receipt of parts by Volvo. If the randomly chosen container did not pass the stringent quality control criteria, the entire shipment would be rejected and the supplier would be called. Sunwind could then either replace the entire shipment ot come to Torslanda to check the rejected shipments and replace the defective parts. Rejected parts were either scrapped or sent back to the supplier at the supplier’s expense. The fault would be officially notified and the next shipment would be subjected to 100% inspection. The interface points are at various stages in the part procurement process. Continuous communication between supplier and vendor enables updation of records on both ends and real time flow of information. The 4 week periodical order placement can help Sunwind plan its production such that they complete production just in time for shipment and the shipment occurs just in time for assembly at Volvo. Shipping is done through Volvo’s own transport system. Knowledge of the production schedules of Volvo in advance will enable Sunwind to request transport and containers in advance so that they arrive just in time for loading. This makes for efficient operations as the production can then be planned to meet the shipment schedule. Inspection procedure is well defined and knowledge of this can help Sunwind optimize its production to avoidrejection upon shipment. Rejection of shipments can be costly and they run the risk of not being able to meet the just in time production schedule. 9) How KANBAN, facilitator of JIT inventory Design be used for Sunwind operations? Show few sample calculations. Ans) In order to avoid the stock outs or overproduction Kanban can be used as a facilitator of JIT system. According to Kanban system, there is a card which contains the requirement or the supply of units written on it. Once if the card reaches the supplier depending on the requirements the desired date the supplier manufactures or prepare the goods and then they will be put in the same box with the card in place. The same process is done when the units reach the ordered company it will crosscheck the number of units in the box with the required in the card, once it matches it will then proceed to the operations. The best use of this comes when the manufacturing process has lots of operations involved in it with different batch sizes and cycle time and lead time. For example if we take Sunwind it has 8 operations with different batch sizes hence by using this it can send the Kanban cards at will according to the lead time to the respective suppliers and they can receive the desired goods right on time and can verify it also accordingly. The basic formulae to calculate the number of Kanban cards is Kanban quantity = Daily Demand x Lead time (in days) x Safety factor Container quantity Here the daily demand can be calculated as we know that the demand per week is 1250 and there are 5 working days per week thus the daily demand is 250 units The lead time here as it is not mentioned clearly anywhere in the case we have taken the sentence† the production is planned two weeks before†. Using that we can get the lead time as 2 weeks i. e. 14 days (including working and non-working days) Safety factor: we are taking a standard 10%(assumption) hence the whole quantity is multiplied by 1. 1 Container quantity is given in the case as 20 units Hence Kanban quantity = 250*14*1. 1 = 192. 5 20 Thus using this estimate this will give us a forecast of how many Kanban cards are in place for the JIT beforehand and would make the process efficient enough. 1) Repeat Q10 for Volvo’s Kalmar and Ghent plants. Write only short discussion and detailed calculation and diagram is not expected as in Q10. Ans) The distance plays a major role when it comes to Kalmar and Ghent plants as for us to make a JIT delivery of 4 times a day, the transportation including all logistics plays the deciding factor. Similarly if we look into th is case the distances are shown below Save to Kalmar 179. 82 Miles or 289. 39 KM (Source : http://www. mapcrow. info) Save to Ghent 1284 KM (source : Google Maps) For both the plants if we see there is no feasibility to do the JIT supply 4 times a day as the distance is so large that the transportation becomes a problem and even though if pains are taken and the things are meeting the deadline, the efficiency decreases as this will in no way an add on for the current existing process in terms of the ROI ( Return on Investment ). Q 5 ) Draw the process flow diagram of Sunwind operations. Perform capacity analysis Sunwind’s operations. Is the capacity at plant sufficient to meet the requirement (Demand and any other) of all VOLVO plants? How would you interpret the capacity calculations? (Consider a batch size and process time information in Exhibit 8). What is the Manufacturing Lead time? Do you think it is right or a long MLT in line with JIT requirement? If it is short or long, what is cause of such short/Long MLT? Ans. Operation 2- Painting Cycle time: 1. 15 min Operation 34-batterns, riveting inserting studs Cycle time: 6. 85 min mins Operation 1-Shaping plywood panel Cycle time-2. 8 min Raw material (plywood) Operation 7- Attaching metal and carpet fixtures Cycle Time: 2. 2 min Operation 6-Gluing Carpet Cycle Time: 4. 25 min Operation 5-Mounting hinges Cycle Time: 0. 95 min Operation 8-Assembly of left and right units Operation 3 is the bottleneck with maximum cycle time of 6. 85 mins. So it becomes the cycle time for the entire process. The working time for a personnel/week = 40. 7 hours. So, effective working hours/day= 8. 14 hours. Therefore, total no. of units produced/ day=8. 14*60/6. 85= 71 units. ( considering 100 % capacity utilisation) So at 100 % utilization,output/week= 71*5= 355 units/ week Monthly production= 1420 units. Starting from January 1985 Volvo’s maximum demand per month till July was 1115 units. So Sunwind was able to meet the demand . In August 1985 when demand of Volvo’s three plants surmounted to 4000 units / month Sunwind was unable to supply the required quantity. In 1986 when the forecasted demand of Volve stands 1387 units/ week present capacity of Sunwind ( 355 units/ week) is not sufficient to meet the demand . Direct labor content ( parts fabrication + operations 1-9 ) =18. 8+25. 2+5. 15= 49. 15 mins/ shirt (excluding set up time) If we consider batch sizes of 500 (operation 6 has the minimum batch size of 500) the changed cycle time for each operation are as follows: Operation 4 with zero set up time still remains the bottle neck time and hence the cycle time. So the batch size does not influence the process cycle time. To meet the average forecasted demand of 1400 units/week in 1986 the cycle time of the entire process should be 1. 4 min assuming the plant operates at 80 % efficiency level. Since different operations have different WIPs( according to batches as shown below): Manufacturing lead time is given by MLT= WIP * Cycle time At current plant capacity, considering lids are produced in batches of 500 MLT= (2500+1500+1000+1500+500+500)* 6. 85 = 51375 mins =856. 25 hrs= 21 weeks (considering working hours of 40. 7 /week as bottleneck operation is run in 1 shift only) The lead time is very high and the primary cause for this is large lot size used for production. A high MLT cannot go hand in hand with JIT production. The JIT philosophy is timely delivery of customer order . To meet the delivery deadline for a JIT e need to start the production as soon as the order is booked. For this we need to maintain a minimum Manufacturing Lead Time as products are produced in batches. Q 7) Should Lars Olav were to design a JIT programme at Sunwind, what should be its elements? Give details about the current status and future requirement of few essential ingredients of JIT/Lean elements requiring improvement/change in Sunwind. Please suggest/show your improved/chan ged version of the Sunwind operations process to meet the requirement (Demand and any other) to all Volvo plants. Hint: You may like to meet the new demand (1987 forecast) by balancing the capacity of Sunwind operations. Ans. The elements of a JIT programme would be as follows: 1) Make to order strategy and not make to stock. This will reduce over production which not only creates excessive lead times and inventory but also makes it difficult to detect defects. 2) Reduction of inventory level so as to identify quality issues more promptly and effectively thereby correcting at source instead of creating rejections at end. ) Setting a plant layout such that the distance between adjacent workstation is minimum. This will reduce material handling cost and time. Excessive movement of products can at times cause damage and deterioration of product quality. 4) Manufacturing lead time to be minimum so as to reduce waiting time for starting production when an order is booked. 5) Close ties with supplier making sure they are located in close geographic proximity in order to promote strong partnerships and better synchronise product flows. Current status and requirements for adopting JIT in Sunwind: 1) High raw material and WIP inventory level. High batch sizes don’t allow problems to surface immediately. This hinders quality check at source. Few of the quality control procedures were followed in practice. Processes were not monitored formally. Defects were inspected by customers after delivery instead of identification in-house. Defective materials were rejected by eliminating the problem but no summary statements were available in Sunwind concerning the rejects. Sun Wind needs to reduce its inventory level and present MLT so as to identify defects at source thereby reducing cost as rejection rate comes down. 2) Presently in Sun wind due to extended delivery lead time of some items (eg. Carpeting) the purchasing department uses a 3-6 months planning horizon. On the contrary the production planning department focuses on first four weeks of delivery schedule which unnecessarily increases the inventory level. As a result raw material inventory unnecessarily goes up. Sun Wind should ask it supplier to reduce this lead time as it is planning to go for JIT. The benefits of a successful JIT can only be realized if your inventory levels are low. Considering suppliers as partners in venture can build long term profitable relationship wherein there is a win-win situation for everyone. 3) Sun Wind is presently operating in moderate batches which is giving a very high Manufacturing lead time which is not acceptable for a JIT . To meet the increased demand for Volvo Sunwind needs to improve its cycle time as well as reduce its MLT by reducing batch size. Only operation 6 has a significant set up time which has to be reduced for going to JIT by enacting machine controls or preparing for changeovers while a job currently in production is still being processed. 4) In Sunwind the workstation load at different operations is not uniform. The cycle time at different processes vary considerably. As a result there is inventory pile up at workstations with high cycle time. Capacity planning and line balancing are to be used to meet the changed requirement of Volvo plant in 1987. In 1987, Volvo needs 65000 units of 700 series 5-door station wagons. To meet this demand Sunwind needs to produce =65000/52= 1250 units/week. At current capacity Sunwind can only produce 350 units/week. To meet the demand Sunwind needs to produce=1250/5=250 units/day. We propose change in number of workers and number of shifts to meet the required demand(considering Save plant of Sunwind alone will be producing for all Volvo plants) as shown below. Present Situation Proposed Capacity Planning and line balancing to meet new requirement In this changed line balancing the bottleneck operation is Operation 6 with a cycle time of 2. 83 mins. Since operation 6 has got maximum set up time and Sunwind is producing 32 combinations of part/color/carpet, we assume Japanese concept of heijunka for a JIT, a batch of 32 each wherein all the varieties will be there per batch. Assuming a reduced set up time of 15 mins /batch for JIT achieved by machine control , we get a cycle time of 2. 83+0. 47= 3. 3 mins. Since this operation is run for two shifts the daily production will be = 2*8*60/3. 3= 290 units/day. Operation 7 which has a lower cycle time becomes the bottle neck as the process is run for 1 shift only. No of units produced /day = 8*60/1. 3=262 units. Hence we can say the actual bottleneck is operation 7 with a cycle time of 1. 83 mins which run for single shift. Hence this becomes the cycle time for the entire batch process. To meet this requirement 3 additional workers at Sun wind’s Save factory are needed as per changed capacity planning. In this scenario of JIT an operational efficiency of above 95 % will be need ed to meet the demand requirement of 250 units/day or 1250 units/week (assuming 5 days week) If each batch of JIT is 32 units, in that case per day no of batches produced will be =250/32=7. Hence a JIT will shorten the Manufacturing lead time thereby reducing the inventory level and lumpy requirements on different workstations. This will help identify defects immediately and strengthen quality control measures and help achieve higher efficiency. MLT for JIT= WIP* Cycle time = 32*6*1. 83=351. 4 mins=5. 86 hours. Q 10 Assuming that Sunwind is now ready for JIT delivery (hope so, based on your Q1 to 9 analysis and suggested improvement), how to synchronize the delivery of product 4 times a day to Volvo’s Torslanda Plant? For this you may require the one day demand of Torsdland plant) Ans. The actual demand of 5 door model 700 for Volvo’s Torslanda Plant is 1985 is 17050. The total demand for Volvo isn 1985 is 33665. So Torslanda plant produced around 51 % of total Volvoâ €™s production. Considering the same percentage production of total Volvo’s requirement, by using the overall forecasted demand of Volvo plant in 1986, Torslanda plant will require to produce =51% of 62400= 31824 units annually. Hence per week demand is calculated to be=31824/52= 612 units. Since Sunwind runs 5 days a week, daily production requirement will be=612/5= 122 units. Considering new Capacity planning and line balancing for Sunwind as in Q7, our cycle time is 1. 83 mins ( bottleneck process 7 running for single shift). As the bottleneck operation is for single shift, in order to synchronise the delivery of products 4 times a day to Volvo’s Torslanda plant we need to have an MLT which will be atleast= 8*60/4= 120 mins. Considering the previously arrived cycle time of 1. 83 mins in Q7 There will be WIP of equal size at 6 different work stations (Operation 1 to 7) where processing will be done in batches. Hence maximum batch size that can be allowed so as to make a just in time delivery of new order booked 4 times a day =120/(6*1. 83)=11 Lot sizes of 11 units if produced in JIT system can enable us to deliver products 4 times a day, if the product criteria and combination is known beforehand.